Pulmonary insufficiency - the main symptoms
Pulmonary insufficiency - a condition characterized by the inability of the system to maintain normal pulmonary blood gases, or whether it is stabilized at the expense of a strong surge of compensatory mechanisms of the external breathing apparatus. The basis of this pathological process - a violation of gas exchange in the pulmonary system. Because of this, the human body does not enter the required amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide levels are constantly increasing. This causes oxygen starvation of bodies.
When pulmonary insufficiency partial oxygen pressure in the blood drops below 60 mm Hg. Art. At the same time there is an increase in carbon dioxide partial pressure. Its performance exceeds 45 mm Hg. Art. This pathological syndrome can begin to progress in people of different age categories. Gender is not peculiar to him.
Symptomatology
In the following symptoms of pulmonary failure:
shortness of varying degrees of intensity;
in the morning in a human patient may experience headaches;
insomnia;
heart rate increases;
nausea and retching;
skin becomes bluish tint;
in the act of breathing involved supporting muscle structure;
memory impairment;
decrease in blood pressure;
the frequency and depth of breathing changes;
impaired consciousness.
Etiology
The main reason for the progression of lung disease in humans - damage to the external breathing apparatus at various levels:
neuro-muscular system. The reasons for the progression of lung disease may be various infectious or neurological diseases that have a damaging effect on the central nervous system and disrupts the physiological mechanisms of transmission of impulses from the brain to the muscles of the respiratory system. These pathologies include botulism, myasthenia gravis and other;
respiratory center and CNS. In this case, the reasons for the progression of lung disease could be brain damage of varying severity, receiving potent drugs, disorders of blood circulation in the brain and so on;
rib cage. For pulmonary insufficiency can cause scoliosis, pneumothorax, and the accumulation of excess fluid in the pleural cavity;
defeat airway: swelling of the larynx, embolus in bronchitis, asthma use Ventolin, COPD;
alveoli. Pulmonary insufficiency often manifests the main symptom of pulmonary edema, pneumonia, and diseases characterized by the growth of connective tissue in the lungs..
Species
On the mechanism of the progression:
hypoxemic. In this case, a decrease in the oxygen concentration in the blood (hypoxemia). Normalize the partial pressure is difficult even by oxygen therapy. This form of disease is more common in diseases that affect the respiratory system directly, as well as for those diseases which are based on the rapid replacement of lung tissue with connective tissue;
hypercapnic. The blood accumulates too much carbon dioxide. It should be noted that in this form of oxygen deficiency also occurs, but it can be corrected by using oxygen therapy. Hypercapnic pulmonary insufficiency progresses due to the weakness of the muscular structures of the respiratory system, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity and so on.
As the rate of development:
acute pulmonary insufficiency. This form of disease progresses very quickly. Symptoms of the acute form may occur within a couple of minutes, hours or days. Since this period is very short, the body does not have time to include its compensatory potential. That is why acute failure is a very dangerous condition that threatens not only health, but also the patient's life. To stop it, it is necessary to resort to intensive care. Treatment of acute forms of disease is usually carried out under conditions of intensive care;
chronic pulmonary insufficiency. A characteristic feature of the chronic form - slow development. Pathological condition progresses over several months or even years. This enables the human body to maximize their compensatory abilities, thereby maintaining full blood gases. The chronic form is more secure, as in most clinical situations, it promptly identify and being treated. The lethal outcome occurs very rarely.
